Linux操作系統(tǒng)基礎的網(wǎng)絡管理知識-服務器運維
2020-05-27 16:18 作者:艾銻無限 瀏覽量:
Linux操作系統(tǒng)基礎的網(wǎng)絡管理知識-服務器運維
IT服務 (1) 網(wǎng)絡狀態(tài)查看
在Linux中經(jīng)常使用ifconfig,route和netstat查看網(wǎng)絡狀態(tài),它們就是. net-tools工具,下面我來使用下。
我就說下ifconfig和route。
在我們的linux中有很多網(wǎng)卡接口,比如eth0第一塊網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)絡接口,eno1板載?網(wǎng)卡, ens33 PCI-E?網(wǎng)卡 。CentOS 7 使?用了?致性?絡設備命名,以上都不匹配,則使? eth0
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[root@node01 ~]# ifconfig eth0
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eth0: error fetching interface information: Device not found
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[root@node01 ~]# ifconfig ens33
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ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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inet 192.168.92.90 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.92.255
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inet6 fe80::b889:1772:c306:ef8f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
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ether 00:0c:29:07:43:5a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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RX packets 910 bytes 954985 (932.6 KiB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 450 bytes 38942 (38.0 KiB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
IT服務(2) 網(wǎng)絡配置文件
ifcfg-eth0,/etc/hosts
在配置hadoop,elasticsearch集群的時候需要在/etc/hosts配置集群IP和主機名,有時候你ping不了百度,可能域名解析不了,需要在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0配置
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[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
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#########
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HOSTNAME=node01
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[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
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#########
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192.168.92.90 node01
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192.168.92.91 node02
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192.168.92.92 node03
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[root@node01 ~]# 配置DNS,域名解析服務
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[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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DNS1=202.106.0.20
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DNS2=8.8.8.8
IT服務(3) 故障排除命令
第一,ping百度:查看目標機器的網(wǎng)絡是否可通
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maoli@ubuntu:~$ ping baidu.com
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PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=49.6 ms
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64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=48.2 ms
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^C
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--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
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2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 48.223/48.948/49.673/0.725 ms
traceroute
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nslookup:nslookup www.baidu.com Server即為域名對應的ip
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maoli@ubuntu:~$ nslookup www.baidu.com
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Server: 127.0.1.1
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Address: 127.0.1.1#53
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Non-authoritative answer:
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www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
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Name: www.a.shifen.com
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Address: 182.61.200.6
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Name: www.a.shifen.com
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Address: 182.61.200.7
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telnet:如果ip是可達的,但是服務仍有然有問題,則可以通過telnet去查看服務端口狀態(tài)
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tcpdump:tcpdump -i any -n port 80 # 抓取所有網(wǎng)卡(any)80端口數(shù)據(jù)包,并且以ip形式顯示(-n)
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maoli@ubuntu:~$ sudo tcpdump -i any -n port 80 -n
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tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
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listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 262144 bytes
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10:28:11.003675 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [S], seq 185886164, win 64240, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0
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10:28:11.003875 IP 192.168.92.135.80 > 192.168.92.1.53951: Flags [S.], seq 2863640054, ack 185886165, win 64240, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0
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10:28:11.004114 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 4106, length 0
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10:28:11.010472 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:476, ack 1, win 4106, length 475: HTTP: GET /sqli-labs/ HTTP/1.1
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tcpdump -i any -n host 10.0.0.1 and port 80# 抓取所有網(wǎng)卡的80端口和10.0.0.1之間的數(shù)據(jù)包,并且以ip形式顯示
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netstat 查看服務監(jiān)聽端口狀態(tài)是否正確 -n 顯示ip地址 -t tcp協(xié)議 -p 顯示端口對應的進程 -l tcp的監(jiān)聽狀態(tài)(listen) -ntpl 查看端口開放情況
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maoli@ubuntu:~$ sudo netstat -ntlp
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激活Internet連接 (僅服務器)
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Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
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tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1111/sshd
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tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14200/cupsd
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tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1148/mysqld
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tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1165/redis-server 1
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tcp 0 0 127.0.1.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1285/dnsmasq
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tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1111/sshd
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tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 14200/cupsd
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tcp6 0 0 :::9000 :::* LISTEN 2234/docker-proxy
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tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1842/apache2
IT服務(4) 網(wǎng)絡服務管理
?絡服務管理程序分為兩種,分別為SysV和systemd。現(xiàn)在Systemd已經(jīng)基本取代了SysV的Init。
IT服務(5) 設置靜態(tài)ip
在搭建任何集群,都是要設置靜態(tài)ip的。
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[root@node01]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
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################
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BOOTPROTO=static
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ONBOOT="yes"
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# 網(wǎng)關地址根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡而定
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GATEWAY=192.168.92.2
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# 設置的靜態(tài)ip
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IPADDR=192.168.92.92
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0
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# 配置DNS服務器
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DNS1=8.8.8.8
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DNS2=8.8.4.4